Three Stages of Celtic Art essays

Three Stages of Celtic Art papers The Three Main Stages of Celtic Art Leftovers of the Celtic individuals have been around for at any rate 4,000 years. Archeologists for the most part decipher Celtic history and craftsmanship from relics left over in graves and landfills. Roman archives are additionally a hotspot for researchers yet they can be uneven portrayal of the Celts. A significant number of the components in Celtic workmanship are not absolutely Celtic. A considerable lot of the relics and Artifacts that are found are obtained from numerous pieces of western Europe. The Celts got a portion of these styles from different zones that they may have been exchanging with or in any event, assaulting at the occasions the relics were developed. Researchers isolate Celtic craftsmanship into three phases. These three phases comprise of Hallstatt Culture, La Tene, and The time of Celtic Renaissance. The principal stage that was distinguished was the Hallstatt Culture. This culture endured from 2,000 BC to 600 BC. Relics found from this timeframe were named after a humble community in western Austria. Antiquities from this period stretch from Austria to Brittany in France. The workmanship found from this timeframe is accepted to have impact from the Mediterranean. The Hallstatt zone was part into an eastern segment and a western area. Ceramics found from the western piece of the Hallstatt carefully indicated geometric plans, though the eastern part some account scenes where found alongside numerous geometric structures. During the Hallstatt timespan, focal Europe craftsmen began exploring different avenues regarding theoretical portrayals of woods untamed life and waterfowl. One explicit model I discovered was: The pony was in a way an image of the ascent and extension of the Celtics. (Finlay 31). By placing ponies in pictures and on various antiques persuades that they were and significant piece of the Celts culture. There were many forested valleys which restricted the quantities of ponies that they had. This calls attention to why ponies assumed such a primary job since they were not extremely a... <!

A Study into the Curriculum Development Process

In the days of old, course of study advancement commissions were normally made out of the educators with expertness in the substance nation who were approached to make range and arrangement paperss and to propose messages and different assets for acknowledgment by school regions. Our trepidation obviously of study improvement has changed. The technique is currently seen as an opportunity to create comprehension and proprietorship by the members, and in this manner course of study advancement commissions remember individuals from all gatherings with associations for the instructive framework. Recognizing and sequencing the substance can hold a progressively positive outcome on understudy achievement when it is joined with solid instructional and appraisal plots each piece great as a steady school condition. In this manner, the occupation obviously of study advancement commissions is more stretched out than in the days gone by. Educational program improvement commissions must research solid examples so as to back up school situations that offer rich and differed procurement encounters. They should reevaluate strategies and practices that cultivate network commitment and just possibilities for all. They should see proficient improvement exercises to back up the substance, course, and appraisal viewpoints. The viewpoints obviously of study advancement commissions cross a few limits into what were aforesaid characterized as managerial capacities. While some course of study improvement commissions may non hold the clasp, assets, or capacity to assume these capacities, they can see the significance of every one of the issues brought up in this papers and agent related obligations to other people who can outcome these alterations.PremisesA quality course of study advancement strategy tends to what understudies ought to cognize, have the option to make, and be focused on ( content ) , how it is instructed ( heading ) , how it is estimated ( evaluation ) , and how the in structive framework is sorted out ( setting ) . Each feature obviously of study improvement should design comprehensive, student focused course. At the end of the day, domain course of study advancement commission gatherings and region proficient improvement should reflect best guidance designs. Educational program improvement, course, and examination ought to be detached, just systems. Everybody included must cognize the aims for each movement, the stuffs or methodology to be utilized, the meaning of achievement, and the impacts of disappointment. The end ought to be to elevate people to be free, yet unite effectually ; act naturally evaluative yet take others ‘ perceptual encounters into history ; be voracious researchers, yet subscribe to a decent guidance. Educational program improvement ought to mirror the way that understudies learn better when subjects and develops are integrated through interdisciplinary course of study and topical bearing. Educational program for teaching and estimating juvenile children ought to adhere to youth guidance rules and incorporate commitment of guardians and the youth network. The course of study advancement strategy must assume that students create at various occasions ; degrees or stages must be taken a gander at as extensions rather than explicit class degrees or single-age classs. Instructive answerability implies that the region has an away from of models and standpoints for understudies, educators, instructional Plutos, guardians, region functionaries, and all other people who take an interest in the particular guidance network. The two rules and evaluations must be known and credible to the full network. Norms must be assessed by a combination of examinations. Any appraising system must place the estimating measuring sticks ( strategies, instruments ) , the goals for estimation, the estimating focuses or shapes, and the impacts of meeting or non run intoing the expressed standpoints. Proficient advancement ought to be accommodated the course of study improvement commission and, while executing the new course of study, educators and staff other than need proficient turn of events. A significant putting resources into proficient improvement must be a worked in part of any course of study advancement method. The instructive developments must be adaptable to let for the coordinating obviously of study over the subjects in cases where such incorporating would better intention of the students and pertinence of the substance. These premises must take to reevaluating the customary development and plan of schools in footings of school twenty-four hours, school twelvemonth, class degrees, skilled nations, graduation requests, student gathering, and physical works. ( Chip McMillian )Te WhA?rikiTe WhA?riki is the Ministry of Education ‘s youth course of study strategy explanation. Te WhA?riki is a model for providing tamariki/kids ‘s early procurement and improvement inside a sociocultural setting. It stresses the larning organization between kaiako/educators, guardians, and whA?nau/families. Kaiako/instructors weave an all encompassing course of study because of tamariki/youngsters ‘s securing and improvement in the youth scene and the more extensive setting of the child ‘s universe. This course of study is established on the undermentioned desires for kids: to turn up as skillful and sure researchers and communicators, solid in head, natural structure, and soul, secure in their feeling of having a place and in the cognizance that they make an esteemed part to society.This course of study characterizes how to achieve progression towards this vision for researchers in youth obtaining situations. It is about the single child. Its get bringing down point is the researcher and the perception, achievements, and perspectives that the child brings to their encounters. The course of study is other than around youth scenes. Learning Begins at place, and youth programs outside the child ‘s ain spot show a significant capacity in enlarging early securing and in puting the establishments for effective from now on obtaining. Every people group to which a child has a place, regardless of whether it is a family unit place or a youth puting outside the spot, gives opportunities to new securing to be cultivated: for children to consider substitute methods of making things ; do associations across cut and topographic point ; set up various sorts of relationship ; and meet various purposes of position. These encounters enhance kids ‘s lives and flexibly them with the insight, achievements, and demeanors they have to embrace new difficulties. This is a youth course of study explicitly intended for kids from the clasp of birth to class section, and it gives connects to larning in school scenes. The larning condition in the youth mature ages is not the same as that in the school segment. This obtaining condition, the restrictions old enough, and the specific idea of the youth mature ages are expounded on in this course of study. This course of study accentuates the basic capacity of socially and socially interceded securing and of common and antiphonal connections for kids with individuals, topographic focuses, and things. Youngsters learn through coaction with adults and equivalents, through guided commitment and perception of others, each piece great as through single geographic undertaking and examination. This is a course of study for youth consideration and guidance in New Zealand. In youth guidance scenes, all children ought to be allowed to create perception and a trepidation of the social legacies of the two life partners to Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The course of study mirrors this association in text and development. ( Education )Research in course of study designIn general there are standards set by directing natural structures to ensure that all children get a similar guidance. This incorporates when children ought to get down larning certain develops like age, and at what ages they should hold a predefined understanding capacity. The individuals who take a shot at course of study plan all the time reevaluate these rules to do sure that they can be met, and do housing when important. Course of study inside decorators other than think about the students, and what types obviously of study is best for their requests. This can be a hard achievement since understudies in many schools originate from an extent of social and financial foundations. Instructing techniques might be distinctive relying upon the fundamental make-up of the understudy natural structure, as certain strategies are more proper for particular sorts of students than others. A really proficient and experient course of study inside decorator will mull over these focuses. One other than needs to accept about limitations when be aftering new course of study. Limitations incorporate spending plan, clasp, and student ‘s capacities. For outline, non numerous schools could stand to take every one of their students to authentic galleries, however the parent of a spot educated child may. Moreover, a few develops educated in a major school condition may hold to be broken into littler pieces so as to give the educator clasp to cover the subject with their classification. At the point when themes are secured exorbitantly quick numerous children may non hold clasp to retain the data before new data is presented. ( schools ) Curiculum plan at †††††positively includes an examination based assault. It has been recognized that The adults and educators who work in the youth condition for the most part build the ‘language ‘ of the earth so it is of import that instructors comprehend this etymological correspondence. It is our conviction that a quality domain reacts to the 100 phonetic correspondences of children recognized by Loris Malaguzzi ( pedagogist supervisor of the journal ‘Bambini ‘ and a cardinal figure in the turn of events and exposure of the Reggio Emilia early childh

United States and Israel Essay Example for Free

US and Israel Essay The Israeli government, in contrast to the United States, is a multiparty Parliamentary Republic. It runs as nonfederalist government and goes about as the focal government in Jerusalem. A definitive authority doesn't lie in the Constitution like most just nations nor the official branch. A definitive expert in Israel is the administrative branchâ€the Knesset. The nation has no composed Constitution. Government exercises and arrangements are guided by the fundamental laws passed by the Parliament. The legislature has three principle branches: the official, the authoritative or the Knesset and the legal executive. In contrast to a popularity based express, these three parts of the legislature don't hold equivalent forces. The President has restricted force and isn't chosen by the individuals. The President is chosen by the Knesset and may serve for a limit of two terms, each having multi year span. He fills in as leader of the state however just holds stylized capacities, for example, opening the Knessets first meeting and getting strategic agents from different nations (MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia n. pag. ). The legal executive then again chooses cases and makes sure that equity is met. The authoritative then again is the most remarkable assortment of government. They make the law and control all administration forms. It is made out of 120 individuals who serve on a multi year term. Its primary capacity is to decide the members’ trust in the legislature. A demonstration of general disapproval is sufficient to topple the legislature, in any case, in Israels history, a demonstration of majority disapproval has just happened onceâ€1990 (Jewish Virtual Library n. pag. ). The political decision process in Israel isn't as liberal as in the United States. National decisions in Israel happen once at regular intervals and on the city level, when at regular intervals. All Israelis who are 18 years of age or more have the privilege of testimonial. In any case, dissimilar to in the United States where explicit people are decided in favor of, the Israelis are just permitted to decide in favor of a gathering. Each gathering that craving to run for the races thinks of a rundown of their applicants and the individuals pick which list they like. The quantity of up-and-comers from a gathering that would go into the House of Representatives or the Knesset is corresponding to the level of votes got by the rundown. So portrayal in the Congress is subject to party support and not so much on singular help. In the United States, portrayal in Congress isn't reliant on a specific gathering list. For somebody to guarantee a seat in the US Senate, he should be at any rate 30 years of age, and inhabitant of the state where he is chosen, among others, for the House of Representatives, he should be an occupant of the District where he was chosen. The US Constitution gives that the Senator and the Congressmen speak to the reason for the individuals inside their division, the individuals from the Knesset then again don't have a similar duty. They were not casted a ballot to speak to a specific area or state, they were casted a ballot to make the essential laws for the nation and hold the best force in the land. In the United States, the forces of Congress are dictated by their Constitution. In Israel, the forces of the Knesset are controlled by the agents themselves, the Declaration of Independence and the fundamental traditions that must be adhered to (Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia n. pag. ). The residents in the United States take an interest unreservedly in the political procedure as they are conceded such right by their Constitution. The Israelis abhor a similar right in light of the fact that the Knesset controls the political procedure. They make the law and give the individuals restricted rights to intrude in the political procedure, even the Executive branch and the legal executive have constrained forces with regards to the countrys political undertakings. Because of the absence of Constitution that will ensure their privileges, the individuals of Israel don't have an entrance to a built up and fair framework rule of law. They just approach the essential laws which were made by the Knesset. This sort of law doesn't ensure assurance consistently in light of the fact that they are as yet dependent upon the impulses and inclinations of the Knesset. They can undoubtedly be annulled and supplanted whenever not at all like in the event that they have a Constitution, they will have more prominent rights since it will take a progressively thorough procedure under the watchful eye of this law can be corrected. A Constitution gives the essential privileges of each resident and evens out the intensity of everybody. Nobody in the Constitution has more force when contrasted with the other and the usage of rights gave in that isn't dependent upon the eccentricities of the officials. Its strength makes the individuals progressively secure that their privileges will be ensured consistently. The United States, having its very own Constitution, the individuals have an entrance to a set up and evenhanded arrangement of law. In any case, the nonappearance of a Constitution doesn't imply that all the privileges of the individuals are as of now inaccessible. The individuals of Israel practice the opportunity of articulation and conviction. There is no law that endeavors to channel the news that the media passes on, truth be told, opportunity of the press is profoundly appreciated by communicators. The Declaration of Independence makes reference to the guideline of opportunity of articulation and made sure about in the fundamental law made by the Knesset. Open investigation is predominant in Israeli news. Prior to 1993, media outfits were government claimed yet the administration chose to change this strategy and opened it for private proprietorship. There are around thirty day by day papers in Israel, half are written in Hebrew and the other half are written in different dialects (MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia n. pag. ). The media in Israel appreciates a similar opportunity as the media in the United States. They can provide details regarding all perspectives and can openly censure the failings of the administration. Bedouin writers in Palestine or the Middle East detest similar rights. The nation additionally has individuals a rich blend of strict gatherings and every religion has its own school, boards and courts that settles on household issues, for example, marriage and separation (Jewish Virtual Library n. pag. ). The Israelis likewise appreciate the opportunity to collect and to relate. They are not disallowed by the legislature to let some circulation into their slants to government approaches through meetings and fights (Jewish Virtual Library n. pag. ). Socially, Israelis likewise appreciate opportunity. They give full uniformity to ladies they are not segregated when contrasted with other Arab nations. They likewise perceive the distinctions of sexual direction. In contrast to most social orders, homosexuality isn't a transgression in Israel. Individuals are regarded the manner in which others communicate for themselves or see themselves to be. There is additionally no separation in occupations. The Israeli Arabs can be utilized to humble occupations and even as Supreme Court Justices (Jewish Virtual Library n. pag. ) as far as buying private property, the legislature doesn't limit its buy. As opposed to the hypotheses of certain writers, an Arab or a Jew may purchase private property in Israel. There is no segregation as to race or conviction. Be that as it may, the legislature forbids the acquisition of state land or those that are claimed by the state to the two Arabs and Jews. The denial is material to all. A few columnists and examiners, nonetheless, accept something else (Middle East Quarterly n. pag. ). Works refered to â€Å"Fact Sheets† n. d. Jewish Virtual Library 11 May 2008 http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:oI9BaF-Sxd4J: www. jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/talking/36_liberal. html+freedom+to+assemble+and+associate+in+Israelhl=tlct=clnkcd=3gl=phclient=firefox-a â€Å"Israel† n. d. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 11 May 2008 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761575008_8/Israel. html â€Å"The Israeli Governmentâ€How Does it Work? † n. d. Jewish Virtual Library. 11 May 2008 http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:d_6PPHEkj0sJ:www. jewishvirtuallibrary. organization/jsource/Politics/how_govt_works. html+The+Israeli+Government+How+Does+It+Work%3Fhl=tlct=clnkcd=2gl=phclient=firefox-a Safian, Alexander. 1997 December. â€Å"Can Arabs Buy Land in Israel? † Middle East Quarterly. http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:1bvrvPsLhg4J:www. meforum. organization/article/370+private+property+purchase+in+Israelhl=tlct=clnkcd=1gl=phclient=firefox-a â€Å"US Congress† n. d. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 11 May 2008 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761554908_2/Congress. html â€Å"US Government. † n. d. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopeda. 11 May 2008 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_1741500781/United_States_Government. html

12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essays

12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essays 12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essay 12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essay Exposition Topic: 12 Angry Men 12 Angry Men In 12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose a youngster accused of the homicide of his dad, is in the hands of twelve men all with altogether different perspectives. In the wake of hearing, the case the members of the jury go into conversations. Eleven of the twelve men are persuaded that the kid killed his dad. Be that as it may, Juror #8, Davis (Henry Fonda). Doesn’t essentially accept the kid is blameworthy, rather needs to investigate the proof and talk about the preliminary further. Davis, was the most significant legal hearer in Twelve Angry Men for various reasons. First is that when the various members of the jury casted a ballot liable without contemplating their choices, Juror #8 proposed that they talk about it for a tad before forming a hasty opinion. When inquired as to whether he suspected the kid was liable or not blameworthy, he stated, â€Å"I don’t know. † This shows he hadn’t chose one way or the other. When inquired as to why he casted a ballot along these lines, he answered, â€Å"It’s difficult for me to lift my hand and send a kid off to bite the dust without discussing it first. This shows he needed to talk things over with different hearers before he settles on a choice. In any event, when a portion of different members of the jury kicked distraught and off contending with him, he remained made and attempted to work things out in an objective estate. Later on he stated, â€Å"I simply need to talk for some time. † This is increasingly evidence that he needed to talk about the issue. Besides Juror #8 re-established scenes from the evening of the homicide so as to demonstrate his focuses. The third explanation is that he persuaded Juror #9 to change his vote to not blameworthy. This was a fundamental advance since it added question and uncertainty to different legal hearers and made it satisfactory to adjust their perspectives also. This was significant in such a case that nobody adjusted their perspective in the subsequent vote, Juror #8 said he would change his vote to not blameworthy. Be that as it may, Juror #9 changed his vote giving Juror #8 more opportunity to discuss the case. Attendant #9 stated, â€Å"He bet for help and I offered it to him. I need to hear more. † By persuading one individual to change their vote, it constrained everyone to tune in to more contentions, and potentially change their speculation looking into the issue. The third explanation Juror #8 was the most significant hearer is that he re-established scenes from the evening of the homicide so as to demonstrate his focuses. The first run through Juror #8 re-authorized a scene was the point at which he demonstrates that the elderly person couldn't have strolled from his room to the lobby in fifteen seconds. He did this by estimating how far his room was from he foyer, and afterward strolling it himself. It took him thirty-one seconds, making it unimaginable for the elderly person to have made it in fifteen. By doing this re-sanctioning, he changed the psyches of a few different legal hearers. With the focuses I have given, Juror #8 is the most significant legal hearer. In addition to the fact that he did what he felt was the correct activity, however he likewise may have spared a boy’s life. Therefore Juror #8 is the most significant member of the jury in Twelve Angry Men. Attendant # 3, an alleged perverted man who had at one point in the film conceded he would pull the change himself to end the young men life. It was never uncovered why #3 feels so enthusiastic about executing the kid. Various reasons can impact a jurys choice, for example, individual preference and enthusiastic make-up of individual attendants, individual life history, for example, home life and condition. Numerous components can adjust a juror’s choice. Attendant #8 attempts to persuade #3 how the kid isn't liable past sensible uncertainty however #3 doesn't tune in and would prefer to see the kid kick the bucket. â€Å"For this child, of course Id pull the switch†. This shows how touchy Juror #3 is. He is a developed man living in a socialized network and might want to see a kid who he doesn't know pass on by his own hands. On account of Juror # 8, the others should now go over the entire case again to audit the realities. Legal hearer #3, who is persuaded that the kid is liable, and is aligned with Juror #4, who is in the end persuaded by #8 appearing of how the two declarations given by the more seasoned lady and elderly person are lies, expressing that the elderly person who had a stroke the earlier year and strolled with a limp, couldn't have seen the kid running down the steps quieting that it were incomprehensible for the man to get from one room, a few doors down and to the hooked entryway in sufficient opportunity to see the kid. The lady who wore glasses clamed to be sleeping incapable to rest when she saw the kid murder his dad, however she wore glasses and when in bed is ridiculous to be wearing them while attempting to rest. The two explanations with sensible uncertainty. The way which the dad was wounded being another, the kid was an accomplished blade contender and the manner in which the dad was cut didn't connect with the route somebody with involvement in knifes particularly a switch cutting edge would finish the demonstration. #4 sees reality in that #8 has brought to consideration and still votes blameworthy.

Public administration in theory

Presentation The late 1990s and mid 2000s are described by thoughtfulness regarding comprehensive methodology. Open organization scholars noticed that it was significant to break down an assortment of angles to have the option to concoct successful procedures to make the administration effective.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Public organization in principle explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Notably, bunches of scholars gave explicit systems which could be utilized by government officials and open chairmen just as teachers. It is conceivable to single out two significant bearings scholars moved, for example morals and auxiliary upgrades. Morals in any case, it is important to take note of that most of scholars tended to issues identified with morals, however some of them gave unique consideration to this angle. For example, Lewis focused on that untrustworthy conduct among open chairmen will increment later on because of production o f new gatherings with specific interests (Shafritz Hyde, 2012). Stone additionally called attention to that execution was outlandish if there were no open qualities. Adams and Balfour even presented the idea of ‘administrative evil’ (Shafritz Hyde, 2012). The scholars noticed that the cutting edge government had different unsafe innovations which can have various negative impacts on the improvement of the open organization just as whole society. It is likewise important to specify the scholar who stands apart because of her fairly progressive methodology. Stivers was one of the pioneers of the women's activist point of view with the open organization field (Shafritz Hyde, 2012). The scholar additionally gave a great deal of consideration to moral conduct and implementation.Advertising Looking for basic composition on open organization? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Structural Improvements Admittedly, the scholar referenced above likewise investigated basic improvement, however their commitment is less huge than that of different scholars in this field. For example, Barzelay and Armajani intensely condemned bureaucratic structure of the legislature. The scholars actualized a significant research and dissected understanding of open directors in Minnesota (Shafritz Hyde, 2012). The scholars thought of certain speculations which could be misused by open overseers across the country. Moore likewise contributed enormously to the field as he gave a top to bottom examination of the pretended by open chairmen, the sources they can utilize and the manner in which they can improve (Cox et al., 2010). Add that the scholar asserted that bureaucratic structure was wasteful and required changes which were conceivable to execute. Joseph S. Nye was another powerful scholar who gave experiences into the viable structure and usage. Nye focused on that decentralization and centralization were both ineffectual as just complex cooperation of offices can add to proficient execution (Shafritz Hyde, 2012). Rubin likewise centered around the degree of independence given to organizations. The scholar thought of significant bits of knowledge on the planning and viable coordinated effort. At long last, Agranoff contributed significantly into advancement of the open organization hypothesis as he thought of various procedures which empowered offices work together successfully. The theorist’s thoughts on collective administration turned out to be profoundly famous among open chiefs just as educators.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Public organization in principle explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion To summarize, it is conceivable to take note of that the significant worry of the open organization scholar is still usage and viability of the legislature. Scholars attempt to create successful ways to deal with make the open organization increasingly effective. The scholars focus on such angles, as structure, participation, morals, planning, and so forth. The scholars referenced above have significantly affected the advancement of the hypothesis as they gave significant experiences into various parts of the administration. Reference List Cox, R.W., Buck, S.J., Morgan, B.N. (2010). Open organization in principle and practice. New York, NY: Longman Publishing Group. Shafritz, J.M., Hyde, A.C. (2012). Works of art of open organization. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. This basic composition on Public organization in principle was composed and put together by client Jaeden C. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

One Students Crusade to Stop Genocide

One Students Crusade to Stop Genocide MIT isnt a political campus. Sure, it had its moments during the 1960s. In 1968, a coalition that included 48 MIT faculty members protested the militarization of university research, and in November of the following year, another group chanted, We wont die for Pool and Pye (Ithiel de Sola Pool and Lucian Pye were two high-profile scholars at the Institutes Center for International Studies [CIS]). In 1971, following Daniel Ellsbergs leak of the documents that would come to be known as the Pentagon Papers (Ellsberg was a Visiting Research Fellow at the time), a group bombed the CIS. Since that violent culmination thankfully, no one was hurt in the blast activism has largely been confined to a few small groups, many of which have gained a reputation as fringe. Initial reports of indiscriminate attacks against Sudanese civilians in the region of Darfur in February 2003 passed without much discussion at MIT. After the attacks were labeled as genocide, however, the Institute was placed in an awkward situation. While it didnt want to appear indifferent in the face of the atrocities that were occurring atrocities to which its investments could well have been contributing, however minimally it was hesitant to make an exception to its long-standing policy of not speaking with a single institutional voice on matters of public debate not directly affecting MITs core mission of education, research, and service. Enter Kayvan Zainabadi G, a 27-year old native of Iran whos pursuing his Ph.D. in Course 7. Although he spent most of his life in southern California, receiving his bachelors from UCLA, it wasnt until coming to MIT that Kayvan found his activist voice. He told me, After reading the news reports coming out of Darfurabout the atrocities, the rapes, the fact that genocide was once again occurring, though this time in real-time, I just had to do something anything. Kayvan got connected to other activists in the Boston area by attending a Darfur rally in Government Center. People asked me, Whats going on at MIT to address this? I had no answer, so I started looking around and asking I found out that MIT hadnt even taken the most basic steps, like ensuring that its endowment wasnt funding the genocide. And thats when Kayvans campaign began. Through tireless work he has hosted lectures, screenings, and photo exhibits; written letters and opinion pieces; delivered postcards to and met with Michael Capuano, Cambridges congressional representative; and so forth he has single-handedly made the crisis in Darfur one of the MIT communitys biggest priorities. Over a year later, his efforts paid off when MIT decided to divest as appropriate for those portfolios to exclude securities that would violate MITs investment principles [in Sudan]. This action is without precedent in the Institutes history: MIT was one of the few schools that didnt divest from companies that were operating in South Africa during the 1980s. This landmark accomplishment under his belt, Kayvan has partnered with a growing band of MIT activists to establish a chapter of STAND (a student anti-genocide coalition) at the Institute. STAND and Amnesty International are hosting two important upcoming events: DarfurFast on Wednesday, December 5th, and a Darfur Fundraiser Dinner in Walker Memorial on Sunday, December 9th. Both are intended to raise awareness of the crisis in Darfur and purchase solar cookers for the three million Sudanese civilians who now live in refugee camps. Whats next? As he continues his Darfur activism, Kayvans working to establish a Standing Committee on Investment Responsibility that would consider the social, environmental, and corporate governance impacts of MITs investments. Thankfully, activism will continue to be a part of his life. I confess to regarding the phrase never again with cynicism. It offers a rhetorical smokescreen behind which the world can, and invariably does, conceal its cowardice in the face of human suffering. If more people like Kayvan fill the ranks of our leadership, however, it may well recover the meaning that it has lost.

Research Into The Egyptian Stock Exchange Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The stock exchange of Egypt is situated in Cairo, Egypt. The Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) is one of the oldest stock markets established in Middle East, who traced its origin from the merger of two stock exchanges in Egypt namely, Alexandria Stock Exchange which was established in 1883 and Cairo Stock Exchange established in 1903, now known as Egyptian Stock Exchange which was formerly known as Cairo and Alexandria Stock Exchange (CASE). Both exchanges were very active in 1940s, and both the exchanges combined were ranked fifth in the world. The vision of Egyptian Stock Exchange is To be a World-Class, Egypt-based exchange: which would serve best to its stakeholders in the Middle East and North Africa region. (The Egyptian Exchange, 2010). As every stock exchange has certain values and duties, the EGX also has system of values which have a common denomination of ethics practiced with every individual whether it is customer, members, issuers, local investment communities, employees and regulators. The Chairman, Mr. Maged Shawky is the head of the Egyptian Stock Exchange. (The Egyptian Exchange, 2010). The exchange has trading session from 10:30am to 2:30 pm on all days except Fridays and Saturdays and holidays declared in advance by the Exchange. Measure of Activity The main performance indicator or measure of activity of Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) is EGX30, which was previously known as CASE30 index. It includes the top 30 companies in terms of liquidity or 30 most active companies in the Egyptian Stock Exchange. The CASE 30 was started with base value of 1000 points on January 2, 1998 and was renamed to EGX 30 on March 1st, 2009. Any company to get listed or to get included in EGX30 must have a 15% free float. (The Egyptian Exchange, 2010). Trends in Egyptian Stock Exchange C:Users$uYoGDesktopcma.ca.pngSource: Yahoo Finance, 2010 Egypt has a long and rich history of financial market. In late 1980s, Egypt had a sophisticated finan cial structure holding a mature stock exchange in both Alexandria and Cairo. (Wilson, 1995). The Egyptian Stock market has experienced several fundamental changes during major periods such as from 1888-1958, 1959-1971, 1972-1992, and 1992-present. Egyptian stock market was very mature and remarkable at earlier phases of its operation; in 1940s both the exchanges were very active. In 1959-1971 phases the stock exchange left its effective operations due to the intervention of government policies and restrictions. (MohieEldin, Sourial, 2000). After high intervention of government, there were several attempts made to improve the working and effectiveness of failing Egypt stock market which continued to stagnate. In 1990s the Egypt stock market went under significant revival of government liberalization policies and finally in 1997, major changes were made in Egypt stock market that reformed the stock market and several important steps have been taken by government to modernize the stock exchange. The Egyptian Stock Market has significantly grown by 40% per year since the 1997 reforms and in May, 2001 it reached $36.7 billion. (AMF, 2001). In the current situation of Egypt Stock market, the prices of share fell down on Monday and EGX30 index fell by 3.84 percent with the closing of stock market (AFP, 2010). With the losses on two consecutive days the Egyptian Stock Exchange rose on Tuesday with an increase of 2.1 percent in the EGX30 gaining 140 points close to 6659 and the prices of share jumped to 3.5 percent (Egypt News, 2010). Egypt Stock market History The Egyptian Stock exchange is one of the oldest stock exchange which was established in the Middle East. In early times Egypt had two stock exchanges namely Alexandria Stock exchange which was established in 1883 and then Cairo Stock exchange in 1903. The Alexandria futures market was one of the oldest market in the world. The first transaction which took place in 1885 was of cotton in Alexandrias cafà © de lEurope, which was later, named as Mohamed Ali Square. At that time Reputation was everything and timing and reliability was considered to be important if the profits were made on regular basis. There were two respected institutions which were affiliated with the International Cotton Congress. At an informal meeting in the early 1900s, the Monsieur Maurice Cattaui reminded the merchants and broker that there should be stocks exchange in Cairo same as of Alexandria. The official headquarters for Cairo stocks exchange was chosen to be the old premise of Ottoman Bank. In 1928, the Cairo stocks exchange moved into its present premise Sherifien Street. In July 1961, the two stock exchanges merged into Cairo and Alexandria stock exchange which was ranked fifth in the world in terms of market capitalization. (The Egyptian Exchange, 2010). Currency and its History C:Users$uYoGDesktopcurrency.jpg C:Users$uYoGDesktopmoney.jpg Source: Google Images The official currency of the Egypt is Egyptian Pound (Geneih) usually written as L.E. Earlier Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire until the French occupation took control in 1798 and later on by British in 1801. In early 1900s the Egypt was made a British protectorate. In 1922, the Egyptian kingdom was declared and on November 14, 1936 Egypt gained its full independence. From 1958-1961, Egypt was untied with Syria, as a part of United Arab Republic. In 1834, the financial system was reformed by Mohammed Ali, setting 1 Egyptian Piastre/Qrish divisible into 40 Para and equal to 1/100 Pound. On November 14, 1985, the Gold standard was adopted and in 1898, the National Bank of Egypt started issuing Bank Notes but they were not legal until 1914. In 1961, Central Bank of Egypt took control and became the ultimate authority of issuing note and they started issuing some small denomination notes (Global Financial Data, 2010). The Egyptian Pound was pegged to the US dollar until 2000 and central bank of Egypt was forced to devalue the Egyptian Pound due to several economic crisis in Egypt. From 2000-2003 the value of Egyptian Pound felt almost to 50 percent. The paper money of Egypt has two faces; an English face and an Arabic face and there are different pictures on each faces. The Arabic face has pictures of mosques in Egypt while the English side has Pharaonic scene. The coins are generally made of silver and copper and the coins have pictures of pyramids on one side and value denomination on the other side (Egyptvoyager, 2000). Banking The banking sector of Egypt is one of the well-established part of the economy and the first bank in Egypt was dated back in 1920s and expanded markedly in 1970s by their so called open door policy (AmCham Egypt, 2010). The Central Bank of Egypt is the governing body of the banking sector in Egypt, which comprises of 11 Investment banks, 24 commercial and joint venture banks, 15 branches of foreign banks and 3 specialized banks (HSBC, 2001). There has been continuous growth in the annual growth in deposits and assets. By June 2004, the ROE and ROA of Egyptian banks rose to 9.8% and 0.5% respectively. The Egyptian banking sector is improving with time and has gone various reforms in the form of MA, privatization from 1991 up to today. (AmCham Egypt, 2010). Egyptian Currency Exchange to USD The Egyptian Pound is the official currency in Egypt and its symbol is  £E. The Current conversion of Egyptian Pound to US Dollar. Mathematically, 5.50 Egyptian pound per 1 USD. (Indirect Quote) (CoinMill, 2010) 0.18 USD per 1 Egyptian pound. (Direct Quote) (CoinMill, 2010) Business Practices In the Egyptian business culture, the key to doing business well is patience. Initial contacts regarding business are very important and they often mean the difference between success and failure. Egyptians are little more concern on the part of trust and know how i.e. why they mostly do the business that they know or trust, for this reas on before practicing any business in Egypt one should have a mediator or a representative who can assist in meeting and acts as go-between (CIA World Fact Book, 2007). As there is diversity in culture of every nation, there are certain Dos and Donts while practicing or starting or doing a business in Egypt which must be followed. Dos Before doing business, make appointments which should be scheduled either in written or over telephone a week before the appointment. (CIA World Fact Book, 2007). Maintaining an eye contact with the Egyptian counterpart, especially with male colleague is a sign of truth and honesty. (CIA World Fact Book, 2007). Always wait for your Egyptian business associate to initiate the greeting at first meeting. Addressing Egyptian counterparts with their title followed by their surname is deeply appreciated with pride. (CIA World Fact Book, 2007). While doing a business impeccable appearance is important. Male business visitors should wear suits with neckties on most occasion. Donts Rushing or forcing the Egyptian business counterpart while making quick decision can sometimes proves to be ineffective. (CIA World Fact Book, 2007). If, Egyptian business associate stands very close to you and talk then dont get surprised and dont try to get back as this would create a bad impression and may lead to offence. Asking detailed question about their family members is considered to be inappropriate, especially family members. (CIA World Fact Book, 2007). Avoid setting up meetings during Ramadan. Starting a business in Egypt While starting a business or a firm in Egypt, one has to go through the legal and bureaucratic hurdles. There is a certain procedure which has to be followed while registering a new company or a firm. (World Bank Group, 2010). The first and foremost step in starting a business is to obtain a legal certificate from a well-known authorized bank, which might cost EGP 300 and take up to a day to get the certificate in hand. Next step is to deposit the documents to the department of companies, which are viewed by a lawyer and a detailed invoice of all the fees is issued. Third step is to get the articles of association registered and notarize the companys contract. After the articles are registered, the authority then issues a certificate notifying the establishment of the company; this process might take up to 24 hours. Once the company gets establishment certificate, the company completes the tax registration process. Last step is to get the employees registered with the National Authority of Social Insurance. (The World Bank Group, 2010) Negotiation Practices Egyptian business people are mostly experienced in doing business and interacting with outsiders. While negotiating with these people one thing should always be kept in mind is that the people here expects the things to be done in their way. (Katz, 2008). There are some negotiating practices w hile doing a business in Egypt: Leveraging relationships is a key element while negotiating in Egypt and Egyptian business people never look for situations like win-win. (Katz, 2008). Pace of negotiation is slow and protracted and often negotiation decisions are made in rounds rather than at a table.(Katz, 2008) Information is not shared freely as Egyptians think sharing information can create bargaining advantages. (Katz, 2008) Egyptian businessmen are very smart at using deceptive techniques and are often use them. Sources AFP. 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